Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Economy of Pakistan

This research paper endeavors the relationship and the positive effect between tax rates, inflation rate and the balance of trade in Pakistan by utilizing the economic survey and current scenario of increasing tax rate because of increasing inflation rates and decreasing of balance of trade to represent the economic position of Pakistan. The data by the researcher was all on yearly basis for the above variables and the tax rate was being recorded by the direct and indirect from the period of 1979 to 2009. The research implement regression model to test the effect of tax rates progression on inflation rate rates and another 2-stage least square test of tax rate on balance of trade so in this result, shows that there was a significant impact in these variables. The study concluded on this way that there was no significant association between tax rates on inflation rate in Pakistan. There was the impact of tax rate on balance of trade.Fiscal Policy; Economy of Pakistan

Impact of Microfinance on the Performance of an Agriculture Industry in Pakistan

This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of microfinance on industry performance. The findings explain that there is no as such impact of microfinance on agriculture industry performance in a country like Pakistan. Research problem is to find out whether Microfinance has positive impact on agriculture industry growth or not, what role is played by microfinance in under developing countries like Pakistan, are people aware of it. Five years secondary Data comprised on years 2003-2008 was collected from the Sindh Statistical Bureau based on GDP contribution on agricultural sector in accordance to disbursed, recovered and outstanding amount.Microfinance, Loan recovered amount, Loan disbursed amount, Loan outstanding amount

Bilateral trade: a study on SAARC countries

This research paper offers a selective survey of gravity equation in the International Trade. Gravity equation was first introduced in the Sixties as a purely empirical proposition to explain bilateral trade flow. The data was taken from the SAARC countries to evaluate the factors affecting the bilateral trade volume. The variables that impact on trade volume are studied in this thesis, as in : Transport Cost, Inflation, Exchange Rate, GDP, population, Tariff and distance by using multiple linear regressions. The results of transport cost, inflation, exchange rate, GDP and distance has the significant impact on the bilateral trade, whereas tariff and population have insignificant values.Bilateral Trade; SAARC countries

Determinants of export performance in textile industries of Pakistan

This research is a correlation study of export performance determinants to investigate the interdependency between independent (Increase of pricing strategy adaptation, Increase of export intensity, Firm's commitment to exporting, Export market development, Export market competition, Past Pricing Strategy Adaptation, Past Export Performance Satisfaction, Past Export Intensity, Export market distance) and dependent variables (i.e. Expected Short-Term Export Performance improvement) of export performance. The framework is tested via a survey through questionnaire from industrial exporters of textile in Pakistan. Findings reveals that the past export performance satisfaction with r value reported is positive r=54.2% and p=0.002Export Performance; export; textile industries

On Modulo AG-groupoids

A groupoid G is called an AG-groupoid if it satisfies the left invertive law: (ab)c = (cb)a. An AG-group G, is an AG-groupoid with left identity e \in G (that is, ea = a for all a \in G) and for all a \in G there exists a' \in G such that a.a' = a'.a = e. In this article we introduce the concept of AG-groupoids (mod n) and AG-group (mod n) using Vasantha's constructions [1]. This enables us to prove that AG-groupoids (mod n) and AG-groups (mod n) exist for every integer n \geq 3. We also give some nice characterizations of some classes of AG-groupoids in terms of AG-groupoids (mod n).Comment: 10 page